Orkest de Volharding is one of the longest established European new music ensembles, created in 1972 by composers
Louis Andriessen and
Willem Breuker to perform one work,
Andriessen's piece De Volharding. Its sister ensemble, Hoketus, has long fallen by the wayside, but Orkest de Volharding (literally the Perseverance Orchestra) presses on in a prodigious outpouring of concerts and recordings. They remain little known in the United States, despite having recorded works of
Andriessen, Julia Wolfe, and
Michael Torke for major labels distributed in America. This might change with Mode Records' excellent two-disc set The Minimalists, which features Orkest de Volharding's take on some of the major figures in minimalism --
Steve Reich,
Terry Riley, and
John Adams -- along with others who sometimes go along with the ride -- composer and critic Kyle Gann,
Bang on a Can co-founder
David Lang, and Orkest de Volharding's own co-founder
Louis Andriessen.
Before proceeding, it should be said that all of the performances sparkle with spontaneity and are tempered by keen self-discipline. Orkest de Volharding prides itself on being something of a "street orchestra," a group that can throw down and play under any circumstance and does not require a comfortable concert hall situation to contain it; its music-making is richly coherent with that mission and concept. Orkest de Volharding's artistic leader Anthony Fiumara was compelled to come up with fresh arrangements of
Reich's City Life (1995) and
Adams' now-familiar Short Ride in a Fast Machine (1986) in order to facilitate them for Orkest de Volharding's unique, big band-like ensemble of six brass, five winds, piano, bass, and percussion.
Reich's City Life is an interesting choice as it is a "sleeper," a standout among
Reich's 1990s compositions that enjoys some traction in the repertory, though it is not by any means as well known as Different Trains. In this piece,
Reich incorporates samples of spoken bits, sirens, and other city sounds in a gesture that revisits the scene of the crime committed by his It's Gonna Rain in a texture that's like a distant grand-cousin of
Antheil's Ballet mécanique, but with some anticipation of post-9/11 tensions. Kyle Gann's Sunken City (in Memoriam New Orleans; 2005) forwards this thread of continued relevance; its two movements progress from an Ivesian gloss on traditional jazz elements to a somber, Ellingtonian dirge on New Orleans' status once Hurricane Katrina put it under the water, though
Gann shies away from pictorializing the violence that claimed some of the stranded in the first week that followed.
Andriessen's Worker's Union (1975) is in a sense all violence, or at least continuos change; in the course of its 17 minutes. It is a collective improvisation guided by strict observance of rhythmic values, but only a general indication of pitch; to make this practical
Andriessen revived the single-line staff that hadn't been in use since Guido d'Arezzo added a few more lines to it in the tenth century.
Bang on a Can has recorded Worker's Union before, as has the
California EAR Unit, but for some reason never Orkest de Volharding; it has its complexity well in hand in a way that suggests traditional familiarity and weighs the various options of this chaotic -- yet orderly -- composition very well. To some listeners the constant pummeling rhythms of the piece could be like punishment, but for others -- mainly younger, rock-oriented listeners -- Worker's Union will evoke rebellion and freedom, which is what
Andriessen had in mind.
The first disc by itself would have been a fine album, but Mode goes the extra distance through supplying a second, containing Orkest de Volharding's near hour-long take on
Terry Riley's In C appended by the
Adams arrangement and the first recording of
David Lang's Street (1993), an uncharacteristically cool and static piece from
Lang, though his various projects are so drastically different from one another to describe anything by
Lang as "characteristic" is somewhat oxymoronic. Nevertheless, through casting the net a little wider, Mode and Orkest de Volharding seem to suggest that minimalism includes a bit more than "objects of charged neutrality" as a major label once described the genre within a different, older collection of minimalistic music. Mode's The Minimalists makes clear that variety of approach does exist within the style, and surface details that emerge within minimalistic textures are often the aspects one's ear finds attractive, as opposed to any seeming negation of such element. This is in keeping with life as experienced; while democratic systems may lay a foundation for the whole to thrive, it is often the hardiest individual constituents who rise to the top.